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01300_Field_188.cap.txt
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1996-03-14
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133 lines
@
All economies
in the western
world depend on
oil, and a large
part of the avail-
able reserves are
in Arab hands.
Yamani became a
celebrity during
the oil crisis of
the Seventies, a
constant presence
in corridors of
power through-
out the West
#
Sheikh Yamani
threatened to
starve the West
of oil if it did not
stop supplying
arms to Israel,
with whom Arab
states were at
war. Some called
it blackmail, but it
worked: after
Saudi Arabia cut
production by ten
percent Britain
stopped arms
shipments, and
Japan reversed
its pro-Israeli
policies
#
Once the power of
the oil weapon
had been
demonstrated,
Saudi Arabia was
not about to give
it up. In October
1973, OPEC
announced a 70
per cent rise in
oil prices, a cut in
production of five
per cent per
month, and an
embargo on oils
sales to the USA
#
Other states such
as Iran (which
was not involved
in the Arab-
Israeli dispute)
learned Yamani's
lesson and
doubled the price
of their oil. The
Shah wanted the
money to buy
arms from the
United States
#
By the mid-
Seventies, Yamani
was arguing that
rising oil prices
could cause an
economic crisis
in the West.
Yamani realised
that if the Saudis
were to sell their
oil, the West had
to be be able to
pay for it
#
In the end the oil
weapon proved
difficult to
deploy. Political
differences
within OPEC and
increasing
economic ties
between it and
the industrial
world meant a
return to stability
in the oil market,
and a return to the
situation of the
Seventies became
unlikely
#
Yamani fell from
power in 1986,
having argued
with the ruling
Saudi royal
family about the
uses to which oil
revenues should
be put. It was a
low-key exit for
a man who had
once been able to
hold the world
to ransom
#
Oil has allowed
Saudi Arabia to
develop from a
desert kingdom
to one of the
world's richest
countries within
two generations.
With it has come
huge political
influence. It
was Yamani who
showed how to
wield that
influence
@